WebThe 1860 slave schedule was used in the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah Territory and Virginia. Documenting Slavery in East Texas: Transcripts from Monte Verdi Randolph B. Even as Austins colonists began to establish slavery on the lower Brazos and Colorado rivers, the independence of Mexico cast doubt on the future of the institution in Texas. [3] Five years later, in September 1534, they escaped to the interior. A Special Interest Group (SIG) of the Dallas Genealogical Society Officials and Employees Jerrett Brown of Sumter, Alabama: 540 slaves. If you change your mind, you can easily unsubscribe. 13, No. Some slaveowners did not free their enslaved people until late in 1865. , and his wife Amy, are descendants of slave owners. Many owners encouraged worship, primarily on the grounds that it would teach proper subjection and good behavior. One way or another they had to endure. The motivation for bringing slaves to Texas was primarily economic using their labor to grow cotton, which was by 1820 the most valuable commodity in the Atlantic world. One result was the Turtle Bayou Resolutions, which were an explanation of the grievances that had led to the disturbances. You can also look up Charleston Manifests by Slave Owner [table striped="true" [24], In 1845 the state legislature passed legislation further restricting the rights of free blacks. is a professor of history at the University of Texas at Austin, and says addressing ones lineage of slavery is difficult, but ORourkes response helped bring the issue out into the open. The number of enslaved people in the state increased dramatically as the Union Army occupied parts of Arkansas and Louisiana. On June 19, 1865, Union General Gordon Granger and over 2,000 federal troops arrived at Galveston Island to take possession of the state and enforce the two-year-old Emancipation Proclamation. [51], The long-term effects of slavery can be seen to this day in the state's demographics. [16] That year, the American Stephen F. Austin was granted permission by Mexican authorities to bring Anglo settlers into Texas. Slavery | TSLAC - Texas State Library and Archives Commission Slavery spread over the eastern two-fifths of Texas by 1860 but flourished most vigorously along the rivers that provided rich soil and relatively inexpensive transportation. These tensions came to a head in the Anahuac Disturbances. Several confessed to a plot by white abolitionists to avenge John Brown's execution by burning food supplies and poisoning slaveowners. Slaveowners may not free their enslaved servants without Congressional approval unless the freed people leave Texas. 3 Research Strategy. The men sold enslaved people to James Bowie and others, who brought them directly to a customhouse and informed on themselves. Slavery was a complex institution that varied according to time and place. The low wages the enslaved person would receive made repayment impossible, and the debt would be inherited, even though no enslaved person would receive wages until age eighteen. [2] Estevanico, Dorantes, and Alonso Castillo Maldonado, the only survivors, spent several months living on a barrier island (now believed to be Galveston Island) before making their way in April 1529 to the mainland. Socially, slaveholders, at least the large planters, embodied an ideal to most Texans. Arthur Blake of Charleston, South Carolina: 538 slaves. Slavery in Texas - Texas Institute for the Preservation of History In 1865, 95% of the enslaved were illiterate.[39]. Meredith Calhoun of Rapides, Louisiana: 709 slaves. Dallas, TX CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. This was in the slave owners' self-interest, for marriage encouraged reproduction under socially acceptable conditions, and slave children were valuable. Angelina County, Texas, Slave Owners. A. Anderson County, Texas, Slave Owners. Signup today for our free newsletter, Especially Texan. Congress shall not have the power to emancipate enslaved people. Search for "FREEDMEN - TEXAS" in the Subjects search bar to find. Tyler, Ronnie C. and Lawrence R. Murphy. [29], The following year all those who had been living in Texas at the time of independence were allowed to remain. [11], In 1829, Mexico abolished slavery, but it granted an exception until 1830 to Texas. Section 107 related to Copyright and Fair Use for Non-Profit educational institutions, which permits the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), to utilize copyrighted materials to further scholarship, education, and inform the public. O. J. Morgan, Carroll, Louisiana: 500+ slaves. DAR# A105070 1. Slaveholders in those areas often moved their enslaved to Texas to avoid having them freed. [54] The drop in proportion of population reflected greatly-increased European immigration to the state in the 19th century, as well as population growth. AAGIG@dallasgenealogy.org, "African American Records: Freedmen's Bureau," "African American Heritage,", African American Online Genealogy Records, George Washington Carver Museum and Genealogy Center, Texas State Historical Association: African Americans, The McGowan Funeral Home Records, 1956-1995, The Southern Migration of the Keeton and Chafer Family, Slavery Statutes - Texas: ca. The system of school support was inadequate, and schools for racial minorities were seriously underfunded. WebUnited States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 Name index and images of slave schedules listing slave owners and only age, gender and color data of the slaves in cesus states or https://www.tshaonline.org, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/slavery. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. [38] Unlike most southern states, Texas did not explicitly ban education of enslaved people, but most slaveholders did not allow the practice. In 1860, the Methodists claimed 7,541enslaved people among their members in Texas. The province continued to attract free blacks and escaped enslaved people from the Southern United States. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond fair use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. WebLists of Slave owners with names of slaves 781-----Edward, 660 Michael, 735 Adam, Andrew George, 425, 498, 533, 621 Guy, 498 Jack, 729 Lucy, 729 Peter, 533 Sam, 621 People of color who had been servants for life under Mexican law would become property. If I can figure out where an earlier County Coordinator found this I will properly reference it. After the Texas Revolution ended in 1836, the Constitution of the Republic of Texas made slavery legal. To Anglo-American slave owners slavery was a practical necessity in Texas the only way to grow cotton profitably on its vast areas of fertile land. 509 0 obj <> endobj Salas. The news organization used documents from Ancestry.com to confirm the connection. In the fewer than fifty years between 1821 and 1865, the "Peculiar Institution," as Southerners called it, spread over the eastern two-fifths of the state, an area nearly as large as Alabama and Mississippi combined. [30] As planters increased cotton production, they rapidly increased the purchase and transport of enslaved workers. Thomas Justice 2 11. Through wills and census reports found during family research, I have discovered a couple sets of ancestors who owned slaves. Texas New Orleans was the center of this trade in the Deep South, but there were slave dealers in Galveston and Houston, too. The Slave Narratives of Texas. WebCategory: Texas, Slave Owners. 42 (June, 1948): 510, 511-12. While settled chiefly by Anglo-Southerners after the war; with the history of ranching, some of these parts have been more associated with the Southwest than the South. D. F. Kenner, Ascension, Louisiana: 473 slaves. Most Whites thought that Blacks were inferior and wanted to be sure that they remained in an inferior social position. This company was created to assist African American soldiers of the Civil War and freed slaves. Enslaved African Americans had maintained human strength and dignity even in bondage, and Texas could not have grown as it had before 1865 without the slaves' contributions. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by family. [46], Unlike in other Southern states, only a small number of enslaved Texans, estimated at 47, joined the Union Army. The progress of the Civil War did not drastically affect slavery in Texas because no major slaveholding area was invaded. The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this entry. By Laura RiceJuly 17, 20191:49 pmArts & Culture, History, Race & Identity. Slaves in general did not lash out constantly against all the limits placed on them that would have brought intolerable punishment but they did not surrender totally to the system, either. After that, he could legally transport the enslaved people and sell them in New Orleans or areas further up the Mississippi River. Slaves freed in America before the 14th Amendment of the Constitution. The emancipated slaves celebrated joyously (if Whites allowed it), but then they had to find out just what freedom meant. [11] Anglo-American immigration to the province slowed at this point, with settlers angry about the changing rules. Email: info@aamdallas.org endstream endobj 510 0 obj <. Anderson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Austin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Bastrop County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Bell County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Bexar County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Bosque County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Brazos County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Burleson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Caldwell County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 12, 2), Cass County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Chambers County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Cherokee County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Collin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Cooke County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Dallas County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), DeWitt County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Ellis County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Falls County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Fannin County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Fayette County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Fort Bend County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Freestone County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Galveston County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Gonzales County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Grayson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Guadalupe County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 1), Harris County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 4, 0), Harrison County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 6, 1), Hays County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 0, 1), Hill County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Hopkins County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Houston County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Johnson County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Kaufman County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Lavaca County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Leon County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Madison County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Marion County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Matagorda County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), McLennan County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Milam County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Montgomery County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 5, 0), Nacogdoches County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Navarro County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Nueces County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Panola County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 12, 2), Polk County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Red River County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 4, 0), Rusk County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Sabine County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), San Augustine County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Shelby County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 9, 3), Smith County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Tarrant County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Titus County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Travis County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Tyler County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 3, 0), Upshur County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 0), Walker County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0), Washington County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 1, 1), Wharton County, Texas, Slave Owners (0, 2, 0). 2008 - 2023 INTERESTING.COM, INC. 2 Online Resources. This fact is not a tribute to the benevolence of slavery, but a testimony to the human spirit of the enslaved African Americans. Alfred V. Davis, Concordia, Louisiana: 500+ slaves. The census in 535 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<511162D97422004CA0FA8843222F25B6>]/Index[509 45]/Info 508 0 R/Length 121/Prev 271316/Root 510 0 R/Size 554/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream University of Virginia. Most lived with a certain amount of fear of their supposedly happy servants, for the slightest threat of a slave rebellion could touch off a violent reaction. Texas was the last frontier of chattel slavery in the United States. John Butler of McIntosh, Georgia: 505 slaves. [7], Importation of enslaved Africans was not widespread in Spanish Texas. "Mike" Campbell, [33] Enslaved people were not held between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande. The African American Story | Texas State History Museum Basically if we did that then wed have to rewrite American history because most public officers particularly, our first president, George Washington, owned enslaved people, Berry says. Texas had many runaways and thousands escaped to Mexico. They therefore followed a basic human instinct and sought to survive on the best terms possible. Despite the fact that Texas was a slave state, however, most Texans did not own slaves. In some cases, whites with the same name may be members of the former slave holding family. They survived with the help of Castillo's faith healing among the Indians. Farmers. WebList of members of the United States Congress who owned slaves A James Abercrombie (congressman) Adelicia Acklen Joseph Alexander Smith Acklen Joseph H. Acklen George Madison Adams Green Adams James Uriah Adams Joel Adams Samuel Adams (Arkansas politician) William Wirt Adams Henry Addison (mayor) Thomas Affleck (planter) D. Wyatt In 1860, mass hysteria ensued after a series of fires erupted throughout the state. After slavery, African Americans went on to establish towns in Texas. A survey of Texas in 1834 found that the department of Bexar, which was mostly made up of Tejanos, had exported no goods. Slave auction in Austin, Texas, circa 1850-1860. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) WebThe slaves who remained on properties in South Carolina are counted on the South Carolina reports. African American Museum, Dallas Was Section 1325 Of The US Immigration Code Sponsored By A Segregationist Lawmaker? endstream endobj startxref Leaders of the Mexican nation tended to oppose slavery, in part from revolutionary idealism and in part because slavery was not essential to the new nations economy, and therefore regularly threatened to limit or abolish the institution. 4 History. The 1867 Voter Registration includes names of voters who registered in the period between 1867 and 1869. The Gregory School Historical collections at The Gregory School include: Access to Houston Public Library databases and indexes Books Pamphlets Periodicals Photographs Oral history recordings Manuscripts Newspapers and clippings Personal family archives and Ephemera documenting Houstons African American History and culture. In rural areas, counties often set up patrols to enforce restrictions on enslaved people traveling without passes from planter owners. [49] Throughout the summer, many East Texas newspapers continued to recommend that slaveholders oppose ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, in the hopes that emancipation could be gradually implemented.